On September 9, Colorado Attorney General (AG) Phil Weiser issued a public advisory warning voters about the dangers of election misinformation and disinformation in the form of realistic-looking images, videos, and audio created using artificial intelligence (AI), known as “deepfakes.” The advisory follows the May 2024 enactment of HB24-1147, an act designed to prevent a broad range of actors from using deepfakes depicting candidates in political communications without properly disclosing the untruthful nature of the communication to voters.
Overview of HB24-1147
Earlier this year, Colorado lawmakers passed, and Governor Jared Polis signed into law, HB24-1147. The new law prohibits the distribution, dissemination, publication, broadcasting, transmission, or display of a communication concerning a candidate for elective office that includes a deepfake to an audience including members of the electorate for the elective office to be represented by the candidate. The act defines “deepfake” as an image, video, audio, or multimedia AI-generated content that falsely appears to be authentic or truthful, and which features a depiction of an individual appearing to say or do something the individual did not say or do.
The act’s prohibition, however, does not apply to a communication that includes a “clear and conspicuous” disclosure stating that “the [multimedia] has been edited and depicts speech or conduct that falsely appears to be authentic or truthful.” To be “clear and conspicuous,” the text of the disclosure must appear in a font size the same size as the largest font size of other text appearing in a visual communication. Similarly, to be “clear and conspicuous” in an audio communication, the disclosure statement must be read clearly and in the same pitch, speed, language, and volume as the majority of the audio communication.
Importantly, the act’s prohibition only applies 60 days before a primary election and 90 days before a general election.
Weiser’s Public Advisory
In the public advisory, Weiser outlined the critical components of the act which voters, candidates, and campaigns need to know about the new law. First, the advisory warns that no “person” (which includes natural persons, partnerships, committees, associations, corporations, labor organizations, political parties, or other group of persons) may publish deepfakes regarding candidates without proper disclosures. Second, the advisory outlined that the required disclosures must be clear and conspicuous, displayed or otherwise appear in the communication, and must also comply with the act’s requirements for exact font sizes, among other things.
Weiser also reminded the public that violations can result in legal action to prevent the dissemination of the deepfake in question, and that violators could be subject to severe financial liabilities or even criminal penalties.
Why It Matters
While HB24-1147 contains exemptions for, amongst others, paid radio and television broadcasts and satire, the act and Weiser’s public advisory highlight the need to exercise heightened diligence when distributing or sharing content concerning political candidates. As the 2024 presidential election nears, all actors who disseminate political multimedia should ensure that their standard operating procedures include reviews for deepfakes and the capability to make compliant disclosures upon the discovery of a deepfake.
Troutman Pepper State Attorneys General Team
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Ashley Taylor – Co-leader and Firm Vice Chair Ashley is co-leader of the firm’s nationally ranked State Attorneys General practice, vice chair of the firm, and a partner in its Regulatory Investigations, Strategy + Enforcement (RISE) Practice Group. He helps his clients navigate the complexities involved with multistate attorneys general investigations and enforcement actions, federal agency actions, and accompanying litigation. |
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Clay Friedman – Co-leader Clayton is a partner in the firm’s Regulatory Investigations, Strategy + Enforcement (RISE) Practice Group and co-leader of the State Attorneys General practice, multidisciplinary teams with decades of experience crafting effective strategies to help deter or mitigate the risk of enforcement actions and litigation. |
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Judy Jagdmann Judy is a partner in the firm’s Regulatory Investigations, Strategy and Enforcement (RISE) practice, based in the Richmond office. She brings experience serving as chair and commissioner of the Virginia State Corporate Commission (VSCC) from 2006 through 2022, which includes regulating the utilities, insurance, banking, and securities industries. She also served as Virginia’s attorney general from 2005-2006. |
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Stephen Piepgrass Stephen leads the firm’s Regulatory Investigations, Strategy + Enforcement (RISE) Practice Group. He focuses his practice on enforcement actions, investigations, and litigation. Stephen primarily represents clients engaging with, or being investigated by, state attorneys general and other state or local governmental enforcement bodies, including the CFPB and FTC, as well as clients involved with litigation, with a particular focus on heavily regulated industries. |
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Michael Yaghi Michael is a partner in the firm’s State Attorneys General and Regulatory Investigations, Strategy + Enforcement (RISE) Practice Groups, nationwide teams that advise clients on consumer protection enforcement matters and other regulatory issues. |
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Samuel E. “Gene” Fishel Gene is a member of the firm’s Regulatory Investigations, Strategy + Enforcement (RISE) practice, based in the Richmond office. He brings extensive regulatory experience, having most recently served as senior assistant attorney general and chief of the Computer Crime Section in the Office of the Attorney General of Virginia, and as special assistant U.S. attorney in the Eastern District of Virginia for 20 years. |
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Chuck Slemp Chuck advises clients on a wide range of complex issues that frequently involve government actions, including investigations, inquiries, regulatory matters, and litigation. With a distinguished background in the law and public service, he served as chief deputy attorney general of Virginia before joining the firm. In addition to overseeing the Department of Law and Division of Debt Collection, Chuck managed a team of attorneys who handle complex litigation and investigations. He also directed the attorney general’s legislative affairs and represented the attorney general in various capacities. |
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Tim Bado Tim is an associate in the firm’s Regulatory Investigations, Strategy + Enforcement (RISE) Practice Group, where he represents corporations and individuals facing potential civil and criminal exposure. Tim’s experience in government investigations, enforcement actions, and white-collar litigation spans a number of industries, including financial services, pharmaceutical, health care, and government contracting, among others. |
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Chris Carlson Chris Carlson represents clients in regulatory, civil and criminal investigations and litigation. In his practice, Chris regularly employs his prior regulatory experience to benefit clients who are interacting with and being investigated by state attorneys general. |
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Blake R. Christopher Blake collaborates with clients on matters related to government contracting, investigations, and disputes. His senior-level government experience generates valuable insights and strategies for clients across a variety of industries. |
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Natalia Jacobo Natalia is an associate in the firm’s Regulatory Investigations, Strategy and Enforcement (RISE) practice. She focuses her practice on two primary areas: government contracting and state attorney general work. |
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Namrata Kang Namrata (Nam) is an associate in the firm’s Regulatory Investigations, Strategy + Enforcement (RISE) Practice Group, based in the Washington, D.C. office. She routinely advises clients on a wide variety of state and federal regulatory matters, with a particular emphasis on state consumer protection laws relating to consumer financial services and marketing and advertising. |
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Michael Lafleur Michael is an associate in the firm’s Regulatory Investigations, Strategy, and Enforcement Practice Group. Based out of the firm’s Boston office, Mike has deep experience in litigation, investigations, and other regulatory matters involving state-level regulators and state attorneys general. |
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Susan Nikdel Susan is an associate in the firm’s Consumer Financial Services Practice Group, and focuses her practice on consumer financial services matters. She has defended several of the nation’s largest and most influential financial institutions in individual and class action litigation involving the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA), Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA), and other consumer privacy statutes. |
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Whitney Shephard Whitney is an associate in the firm’s Regulatory Investigations, Strategy + Enforcement (RISE) Practice Group. She represents clients facing state and federal regulatory investigations and enforcement actions, as well as related civil litigation. |
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Trey Smith Trey is an associate in the firm’s Regulatory Investigations, Strategy + Enforcement Practice. He focuses his practice on helping financial institutions and consumer facing companies navigate regulatory investigations and resulting litigation. |
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Daniel Waltz Daniel is a member of the firm’s Regulatory Investigations, Strategy + Enforcement (RISE) Practice Group and State Attorneys General team. He counsels clients in connection with navigating complex government investigations, regulatory compliance, and transactions, involving state and federal government contracting obligations. Drawing on his broad experience as a former assistant attorney general for the state of Illinois, Daniel is a problem solver both inside and outside the courtroom. |
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Stephanie Kozol Stephanie is Troutman Pepper’s senior government relations manager in the state attorneys general department. |